import random

class Dice:

    #In this corrected code, I added an __init__ method to the Dice class to 
    # initialize the numSides attribute. I also switched the order of 
    # numSides and int in the argument to __init__, so that numSides comes 
    # first and int comes second. Finally, I updated the random_number 
    # variable in the roll method to use self.numSides instead of numSides.

    def __init__(self, numSides: int):
        self.numSides = numSides

    ##def## is the keyword used to define a method in Python.
    ##__init__ ## is a special method that is automatically called when an object is 
    # created.
    ##self## is a reference to the object itself.
    ##numSides: int##  is a type hint that indicates that the numSides parameter 
    # should be an integer.
    ##self.numSides = numSides## sets the numSides attribute of the object to 
    # the value of the numSides parameter.
    
    def roll(self):
        random_number = random.randint(1, self.numSides)
        return random_number
    
def play():
    my_first_dice = Dice(6)
    dice_roll = my_first_dice.roll()

    print("your {} sided dice rolled a {}".format(my_first_dice.numSides, dice_roll))

    my_second_dice = Dice(20)
    dice_roll = my_second_dice.roll()
    print("your {} sided dice rolled a {}".format(my_second_dice.numSides, dice_roll))

def main():
    play()

main()

#######################################################################################################################################
#EXPLAIN THE SELF ARGUMENT

#In Python, instance methods (methods that belong to a class and are called on an instance of that class) must have
# the self parameter as their first parameter. This is because when you call an instance method on an object, Python 
# automatically passes in the object itself as the first argument.

#In the code you provided, the roll() method is missing the self parameter. As a result, when you call my_first_dice.roll(),
#  Python doesn't know which instance of the Dice class to pass in as the first argument, hence the error message
#  "roll() takes 0 positional arguments but 1 was given".

#By adding self as the first parameter to the roll() method, 
# you're telling Python that this is an instance method that expects an instance of the class to be passed in as the first argument. 
# When you call my_first_dice.roll(), Python will automatically pass in my_first_dice as the self parameter, allowing the method to 
# access the instance variables and methods of the object.

#Imagine you have a toy car. The car has a button that makes it move forward. In order to press the button, you need to be 
# holding the car in your hand. If you're not holding the car, you can't press the button.

##########################################################################################################################################
##########################################################################################################################################

# EXPLAIN LIKE IM FIVE

#The toy car is like an object, and the button is like a method that belongs to the object. 
# Just like you need to be holding the car to press the button, you need to have an instance 
# of the object to call its methods.

#In Python, the self parameter is like your hand holding the toy car. When you call a method on an object, 
# Python automatically passes in the instance of the object as the self parameter, just like you need to 
# be holding the toy car to press the button.

#So when you define a method in a class, you need to include the self parameter as the first parameter, 
# just like you need to be holding the car to press the button. This tells Python that the method belongs 
# to the instance of the class, and can only be called on an instance of the class.

##########################################################################################################################################

############################
print()
print("Concise Version")
print()
############################

import random

class Dice:
    def __init__(self, num_sides):
        self.num_sides = num_sides
    
    def roll(self):
        return random.randint(1, self.num_sides)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    my_first_dice = Dice(6)
    print(f"Your {my_first_dice.num_sides} sided dice rolled {my_first_dice.roll()}!")

    my_second_dice = Dice(20)
    print(f"Your {my_second_dice.num_sides} sided dice rolled {my_second_dice.roll()}!")

#Note that Python uses snake_case instead of camelCase for variable and function names, 
# and the random module is used instead of the .. range operator in Kotlin. 
# The if __name__ == "__main__": check is used to ensure that the code in the 
# main() function is only executed when the Python script is 
# run directly and not when it is imported as a module.